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American Speech 2008 83(1):35-61; DOI:10.1215/00031283-2008-002
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ACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF UTAH'S CARD-CORD MERGER

David Bowie

University of Central Florida

Several claims have been put forward to explain the character of Utah's CARD-CORD merger, in which

Formula

is variably produced as

Formula

. Instances of words containing

Formula

from the running speech of a Utahn who variably exhibits the merger were rated by a panel of speakers on whether they were produced as

Formula

or

Formula

, allowing utterances to be classified as merged (into

Formula

), unmerged, or intermediate. Merged and unmerged instances were not found to be separated cleanly when taking just F1 and F2 into consideration, but looking at F1, F2, and F3 simultaneously resulted in a clean split between those categories, with the intermediate cases falling along the border between them. Further, the formant values did not match up with any simple articulatory explanation for the merger and its attendant distinction. Not only does this demonstrate that Utah's CARD-CORD merger is the result of the simultaneous manipulation of multiple articulatory features, it raises the possibility that clear separation between phonetic categories could be found in other cases that might generally be expected to have some overlap.

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Bowie, David. 2003. "Early Development of the CARD-CORD Merger in Utah." American Speech 78: 31-51.[CrossRef][Web of Science]

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Cook, Stanley Joseph. 1969. "Language Change and the Emergence of an Urban Dialect in Utah." Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Utah.

Helquist, Val J. 1970. "A Study of One Phonological Variable in Urban and Rural Utah." M.A. thesis, Univ. of Utah.

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Lillie, Diane DeFord. 1998. "The Utah Dialect Survey." M.A. thesis, Brigham Young Univ.

Lisker, Leigh, and Arthur S. Abramson. 1970. "The Voicing Dimension: Some Experiments in Comparative Phonetics." In Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Held at Prague, 7–13 September 1967, ed. Bohuslav Hála, Milan Romportl, and Premysl Janota, 563-67. Prague: Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences.

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This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in Web of Science
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
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Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Bowie, D.
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